A contract might have all the technical essentials—offer, acceptance, and consideration—but if its purpose is illegal or immoral, the law will not touch it. Section 23 of the Indian Contract Act, 1872, acts as a filter to stop agreements that are harmful to society. 1. Section 23 Explained The section states that the consideration or

The Doctrine of Privity of Contract is a fundamental principle of English Common Law that is also applicable in India. It determines who has the right to enforce a contract in court. 1. Meaning and Principle The term “Privity” implies a connection or bond. The general rule is: “Only a party to the contract can

The doctrine of Consideration is one of the most fundamental principles of the Indian Contract Act. It is often described as the “price” of the contract. Without consideration, a promise is usually just a social obligation, not a legal one. 1. Meaning of Consideration Section 2(d) of the Indian Contract Act, 1872 defines consideration as

In the Indian Contract Act, 1872, “Timing” is everything. Since the parties are not always sitting face-to-face (they might be in different cities sending letters), the law must define exactly when a contract is born and when it is too late to back out. 1. Communication of Offer (Section 4) The rule for the offer